Kidney Stones

Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are solid crystalline deposits that form in the kidneys.

They typically result from the buildup of certain substances, such as calcium or uric acid, in the urine. Kidney stones can vary in size, ranging from tiny grains to larger stone-like structures.

While small stones might pass through the urinary tract with minimal symptoms, larger ones can cause severe pain and discomfort.

Common symptoms include sudden and intense back or abdominal pain, blood in the urine, frequent urination, and nausea.

Risk factors for kidney stones include a family history of kidney stones, dehydration, certain medications or medical conditions that affect urine composition like hypercalciuria or cystinuria.

Treatment options depend on the size and location of the stone but typically involve conservative management with increased fluid intake to facilitate their passage or more invasive interventions like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or surgical removal techniques if needed.

A proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is crucial to determine an appropriate treatment plan tailored to each individual’s needs for managing kidney stones effectively and preventing recurrent formation.