Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by impaired thyroid gland function, leading to decreased production and secretion of thyroid hormones.

This condition affects millions of individuals worldwide, primarily women over the age of 60.

The most frequent cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system targets and damages the thyroid gland.

Other causes include thyroid surgery, certain medications, radiation therapy, and congenital defects.

The hallmark symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, depression, dry skin, brittle hair and nails, constipation, and cold intolerance.

Diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation that typically involves blood tests to measure levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4).

Treatment usually involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy with synthetic T4 medication to restore normal thyroid hormone levels in the body.

Effective management can minimize symptoms and prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease or infertility associated with untreated hypothyroidism.