GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition driven primarily due to the malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular valve that allows food and drink to pass from the esophagus into the stomach.

When this valve becomes weakened or relaxed, it fails to close properly, resulting in the backflow of stomach acid and digestive enzymes into the esophagus.

The most common cause of LES dysfunction is an anatomical defect, such as a hiatal hernia.

Other contributing factors include obesity, smoking, pregnancy, certain medications like antihistamines or calcium channel blockers, and consumption of acidic or fatty foods.

Additionally, dietary habits such as overeating or eating large meals late at night can exacerbate symptoms by increasing pressure on the LES.

Understanding these causes allows medical professionals to develop tailored treatment plans for GERD patients, focusing on lifestyle changes, medication management, and potentially corrective surgeries in severe cases.