Gallstones

Gallstones, a condition characterized by the formation of solid deposits in the gallbladder, are a common yet potentially serious issue.

They usually consist of cholesterol or bilirubin, substances found in bile, and can vary in size and number.

Gallstones often do not cause any symptoms and may be discovered incidentally during imaging tests for unrelated conditions.

However, when they block the bile ducts, they can result in severe pain in the upper abdomen known as biliary colic.

In more severe cases, complications such as cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), or obstructive jaundice may occur.

Risk factors for developing gallstones include obesity, a high-fat diet, female gender, pregnancy, older age, and certain medical conditions such as liver disease or diabetes.

Diagnosis usually involves ultrasound imaging to visualize the presence and characteristics of the stones.

Treatment options range from medication to surgical interventions like laparoscopic cholecystectomy to remove the gallbladder entirely if necessary.